Goff received his undergraduate degree, summa cum laude, from Ball State University in 1994 and his J.D. from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 1996. He also graduated from the Indiana Judicial College and the Indiana Graduate Program for Judges. Prior to his judicial appointment, Goff was a partner at a law firm. He was also a public defender in Huntington County. Goff was appointed to the Wabash County Superior Court in 2005, where he served until Holcomb appointed him to the state supreme court in 2017. On the superior court, he established the Wabash County Drug Court, Family Recovery Court, and Reentry Court. Goff was previously president of the Huntington County Police Merit Board and vice president of the Huntington County Bar Association. He was appointed chair of the Indiana Justice Reinvestment Advisory Council in 2020. As of July 2021, Goff was an adjunct law professor at the Indiana University McKinney School of Law.